By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Muhammad_Afzal_Raaj]Muhammad Afzal Raaj
Mountain building has operated during the recent geologic past in several locations around the world. These relatively young mountain belts include the American Cordillera, which runs along the western margin of the America from Cape Horn to Alaska: The Alpine Himalayan chain, which extend from the Mediterranean through Iran to northern India and into Indonesia: And the mountains terrain of western Pacific, which include mature island arcs such as Japan, the Philippines, and Sumatra. Most of these young mountain belts have come into existence within the last hundred million years. Some including the Himalayas began growth as recently as 45 million years ago.
In addition to these recently formed complex (folded) mountains, several chains of much older mountains exist on earth as well. Although these stretches are deeply eroded and topographically less prominent, they clearly possess the same structural features found in younger mountains. Typical of this older group are the Appalachians in eastern United States and the Urals in the Soviet Union.
Although complex mountains differ from one another in particular details, all possess the same basic stretches. Mountains belts generally consist of roughly parallel ridges of folded and faulted sedimentary and volcanic rocks, portions of which have been strongly metamorphosed and intruded by somewhat younger igneous bodies.
In most cases the sedimentary rocks formed from enormous accumulations of deep-water marine sediments that occasionally exceeded 15,000 meters in thickness, as well as from thinner shallow-Water deposits. Moreover, these deformed sedimentary rocks are for the most part older than the mountain building event. This fact indicates that long quiescent period of deposition was followed by an episode of deformation. In order to unravel the events that produce mountains, many studies are conducted in regions that exhibit ancient mountain structures as well as sites where upward displacement of the earth's crust is thought to be in progress. Of particular interest is active subduction zone, where plates are converging. Here partial melting of a sub-ducted plates and possibly frictional heating of mantle rocks generate a supply of magma that migrates upward.
At sites where oceanic crust is being sub-ducted, continental blocks are also being rafted towards one another. Recent studies indicate that the most important cause of upward movement of earth crust is the collision of two or more of these crustal fragments. Collision can be occurring between a continental block and a variety of land mass, including archipelagos such as the Aleutian Islands, or small crustal fragments similar in size to Madagascar, or even other continental sized blocks. [http://www.triptomurree.com/tourists-attractions/nathiagali/]Nathiagali
Article Source: [http://EzineArticles.com/?Mountain-Building&id=6545480] Mountain Building
Sunday, October 30, 2011
Friday, October 28, 2011
Unknown High Adventure - Northern Tier Scout Base
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=William_J_O'Brochta]William J O'Brochta
Many people have heard of Philmont Scout Ranch in New Mexico, but there are actually four different high adventure bases operated by the Boy Scouts of America, three of which make up the Triple Crown of High Adventure. The newest addition, Summit at Bethal Reserve is due to open in time for the 2013 National Scout Jamboree. The other three bases, Philmont, Florida Sea Base, and Northern Tier Canoe Base, have been established and operating for years. While Philmont is better known, Northern Tier deserves a great deal of consideration when choosing where to go for summer high adventure in Scouting.
Background:
Founded in 1923, Northern Tier and the Charles L. Sommers Canoe Base are the oldest high adventure bases in the Boy Scouts of America. The Sommers base is located in Ely, Minnesota with two other bases in Canada. Approximately 6000 Scouts and adults go to Northern Tier, compared to 20000 that attend Philmont.
Purpose:
Northern Tier consists of a two-week canoe trip through the lakes of Minnesota and often moving into the Boundary Waters of Canada.
Planning and Route Selection:
A Troop or Council interested in attending Northern Tier must register and apply at least one full year in advance. Crews at Northern Tier are limited to eight to ten individuals who usually use four canoes. Crews cannot travel together, so plan different crews wisely. Begin your preparation by purchasing maps of the Quetico and Minnesota waters areas. These maps usually come from the Northern Tier Trading Post. Gauging the ability of your Scouts and any of the recommended shakedown paddles, try to choose a general route for the trip. There are no set itineraries, nor does the crew have to stick to the chosen plan once on the water.
A crew can canoe in either the Minnesota waters or Quetico Provincial Park or both. Even though you will be traveling through the waters by canoe, your crew still must have passports on them to go into the Provincial Park. Make sure to alert the Northern Tier staff of your intent to go into Canada so that they can provide you with a knowledgeable guide who can help plan route around a border crossing station. Crews going into Canada can also consider taking a floatplane with all their gear and getting dropped off outside the park in order to canoe back to the base. This is optional and requires much more planning and some additional cost.
There are some benefits and disadvantages to choosing to go into either Minnesota or Quetico. The Quetico Provincial Park is operated under strict guidelines. There can be no permanent campsites, buildings, power lines, airplane flyovers, or groups of more than ten people. This means that the area is pristine and extremely beautiful. You will see no one if you choose a route that is primarily in Quetico. The Minnesota Boundary Waters have none of these restrictions. That does not mean that the canoeing is unpleasant, but the motorboats do create both a distraction and a large wake. I recommend traveling in Quetico if you want to have a true adventurous experience and Minnesota if you want to be with another crew most of the time.
Supplies:
Northern Tier supplies much of what you need. In fact, everything you carry should fit into one five-gallon Ziploc bag. You will need clothes and shoes and that is about all. However, no matter how hot it may be in your hometown, count on wearing a jacket and long sleeve shirt a fair amount. There are only two special items I would recommend: cheap boots with holes drilled in the bottom and a mosquito head net. The boots must be worn at all times when in the canoe. When you have to portage from lake-to-lake, everyone must jump out of the canoe and get their feet soaking wet. Go to Wal-Mart and buy a pair of twenty-dollar boots and drill four or so 0.25-inch holes in the sides for water drainage. Also carry a pair of other shoes to wear around camp, Keen sandals work very well. The head net is about three dollars to buy, but worth hundreds. There are millions of mosquitoes or black flies that will bite you constantly when portaging or at camp. While portaging, you will likely be carrying so much stuff that it is impossible to swat any away. Look for a head net that has a piece of piping around the middle to keep it away from your face.
Getting There and Checking-In:
This is pretty simple, fly to the Minneapolis-Saint Paul airport, rent a couple of vans and drive about four hours to Ely. There are no closer airports and the drive is pretty nice.
Once at Northern Tier, you will check-in, play some old tribal games, and meet your guide for the two weeks. He or she will walk you around to numerous different stations to get all of your supplies. This includes canoes, tents, bags, stoves, pots, and food. You should count on buying paddles at Northern Tier or bringing your own. Either way, this is a bit inconvenient to do. Make sure that you check all the equipment for issues before taking ownership of it.
You will then have some free time to discuss what gear you will personally need. The guide will give your crew an octagonal cabin to spend the night in and sort out your gear. Get everything packed-up and ready to go the night before departing.
On the Water:
Whether you choose to go by float plane or not, your first day will start early with a pre-float shakedown and safety summary. Your guide will then go over some basic canoeing maneuvers before departure.
Typically, the group will canoe until about noon, take a half hour lunch break, and then continue canoeing until three or four in the afternoon. Other breaks are rarely taken except for after longer portages, although the mosquitoes may deter such stopping. After arrival at camp, set-up camp quickly and stow all gear. Focus on making dinner before five o'clock because there is a good deal of required clean-up. When dinner is finished, pack everything away and review the day, preferably with a thorns, roses, and buds exercise. Unless you wish to be bitten by swarms of mosquitoes, go to bed before eight thirty.
Plan on arising at about six and getting on the water by seven-thirty. This is again to prevent an infestation of mosquitoes.
Taking Out:
On your final float day, you will arrive back at the Sommers base. Hopefully this will occur early in the morning because gear check-in takes three or more hours to successfully complete. The afternoon is usually free before a closing celebration at night. The next morning, all crews are required to depart.
In Sum:
Northern Tier provides a wilderness experience that is unmatched by either Philmont or Sea Base. Count on seeing no one else on the water during the entire trip. This is difficult for some Scouts, but rewarding for others.
Resources:
The Charles L. Sommers Alumni Association sponsors the Triple Crown of High Adventure Award for Scouts who complete all three bases. Contact Northern Tier directly at rel=nofollow http://ntier.org/ with any specific questions or ask your Troop or Council if there is someone from a recent trip who would be willing to answer more general questions.
William O'Brochta is a recipient of the William T. Hornaday Silver Medal for Distinguished Service to Conservation in the Boy Scouts of America and William T. Hornaday Badge. He is an Eagle Scout with nine Eagle palms and has earned sixty-five Merit Badges. William is currently an Assistant Scoutmaster for Troop 17 in Roanoke, Virginia working with Troop elections, new Scout advancement, and Eagle projects. He also serves as an active member on the Blue Ridge Mountains Council Conservation, Advancement, Eagle Board of Review, and Troop Committees. William is the William T. Hornaday Awards Specialist for the Blue Ridge Mountains Council Conservation Committee and the Life-to-Eagle Specialist for the Blue Ridge Mountains Council Advancement Committee. He is also a Life-to-Eagle Advisor, a Merit Badge Counselor for thirty Merit Badges, and a Leave No Trace Trainer. He has been involved in Scouting for more than thirteen years.
William attends Patrick Henry High School and the Roanoke Valley Governor's School and is ranked first in his class of 500. Currently, he is working on a three-year environmental research project dealing with using plants to remove pesticides from the soil. He has presented this research at the Society of Toxicology Annual meeting. A musician, he plays trumpet and serves as Drum Major for the Marching Band.
Committed to community service, he has volunteered for six months for Habitat for Humanity in Hungary and helped Breakell, Inc. General Contractors achieve LEED Platinum energy efficiency certification.
William can best be contacted through his LinkedIn page: http://linkd.in/q8dXm0
Article Source: [http://EzineArticles.com/?Unknown-High-Adventure---Northern-Tier-Scout-Base&id=6539280] Unknown High Adventure - Northern Tier Scout Base
Many people have heard of Philmont Scout Ranch in New Mexico, but there are actually four different high adventure bases operated by the Boy Scouts of America, three of which make up the Triple Crown of High Adventure. The newest addition, Summit at Bethal Reserve is due to open in time for the 2013 National Scout Jamboree. The other three bases, Philmont, Florida Sea Base, and Northern Tier Canoe Base, have been established and operating for years. While Philmont is better known, Northern Tier deserves a great deal of consideration when choosing where to go for summer high adventure in Scouting.
Background:
Founded in 1923, Northern Tier and the Charles L. Sommers Canoe Base are the oldest high adventure bases in the Boy Scouts of America. The Sommers base is located in Ely, Minnesota with two other bases in Canada. Approximately 6000 Scouts and adults go to Northern Tier, compared to 20000 that attend Philmont.
Purpose:
Northern Tier consists of a two-week canoe trip through the lakes of Minnesota and often moving into the Boundary Waters of Canada.
Planning and Route Selection:
A Troop or Council interested in attending Northern Tier must register and apply at least one full year in advance. Crews at Northern Tier are limited to eight to ten individuals who usually use four canoes. Crews cannot travel together, so plan different crews wisely. Begin your preparation by purchasing maps of the Quetico and Minnesota waters areas. These maps usually come from the Northern Tier Trading Post. Gauging the ability of your Scouts and any of the recommended shakedown paddles, try to choose a general route for the trip. There are no set itineraries, nor does the crew have to stick to the chosen plan once on the water.
A crew can canoe in either the Minnesota waters or Quetico Provincial Park or both. Even though you will be traveling through the waters by canoe, your crew still must have passports on them to go into the Provincial Park. Make sure to alert the Northern Tier staff of your intent to go into Canada so that they can provide you with a knowledgeable guide who can help plan route around a border crossing station. Crews going into Canada can also consider taking a floatplane with all their gear and getting dropped off outside the park in order to canoe back to the base. This is optional and requires much more planning and some additional cost.
There are some benefits and disadvantages to choosing to go into either Minnesota or Quetico. The Quetico Provincial Park is operated under strict guidelines. There can be no permanent campsites, buildings, power lines, airplane flyovers, or groups of more than ten people. This means that the area is pristine and extremely beautiful. You will see no one if you choose a route that is primarily in Quetico. The Minnesota Boundary Waters have none of these restrictions. That does not mean that the canoeing is unpleasant, but the motorboats do create both a distraction and a large wake. I recommend traveling in Quetico if you want to have a true adventurous experience and Minnesota if you want to be with another crew most of the time.
Supplies:
Northern Tier supplies much of what you need. In fact, everything you carry should fit into one five-gallon Ziploc bag. You will need clothes and shoes and that is about all. However, no matter how hot it may be in your hometown, count on wearing a jacket and long sleeve shirt a fair amount. There are only two special items I would recommend: cheap boots with holes drilled in the bottom and a mosquito head net. The boots must be worn at all times when in the canoe. When you have to portage from lake-to-lake, everyone must jump out of the canoe and get their feet soaking wet. Go to Wal-Mart and buy a pair of twenty-dollar boots and drill four or so 0.25-inch holes in the sides for water drainage. Also carry a pair of other shoes to wear around camp, Keen sandals work very well. The head net is about three dollars to buy, but worth hundreds. There are millions of mosquitoes or black flies that will bite you constantly when portaging or at camp. While portaging, you will likely be carrying so much stuff that it is impossible to swat any away. Look for a head net that has a piece of piping around the middle to keep it away from your face.
Getting There and Checking-In:
This is pretty simple, fly to the Minneapolis-Saint Paul airport, rent a couple of vans and drive about four hours to Ely. There are no closer airports and the drive is pretty nice.
Once at Northern Tier, you will check-in, play some old tribal games, and meet your guide for the two weeks. He or she will walk you around to numerous different stations to get all of your supplies. This includes canoes, tents, bags, stoves, pots, and food. You should count on buying paddles at Northern Tier or bringing your own. Either way, this is a bit inconvenient to do. Make sure that you check all the equipment for issues before taking ownership of it.
You will then have some free time to discuss what gear you will personally need. The guide will give your crew an octagonal cabin to spend the night in and sort out your gear. Get everything packed-up and ready to go the night before departing.
On the Water:
Whether you choose to go by float plane or not, your first day will start early with a pre-float shakedown and safety summary. Your guide will then go over some basic canoeing maneuvers before departure.
Typically, the group will canoe until about noon, take a half hour lunch break, and then continue canoeing until three or four in the afternoon. Other breaks are rarely taken except for after longer portages, although the mosquitoes may deter such stopping. After arrival at camp, set-up camp quickly and stow all gear. Focus on making dinner before five o'clock because there is a good deal of required clean-up. When dinner is finished, pack everything away and review the day, preferably with a thorns, roses, and buds exercise. Unless you wish to be bitten by swarms of mosquitoes, go to bed before eight thirty.
Plan on arising at about six and getting on the water by seven-thirty. This is again to prevent an infestation of mosquitoes.
Taking Out:
On your final float day, you will arrive back at the Sommers base. Hopefully this will occur early in the morning because gear check-in takes three or more hours to successfully complete. The afternoon is usually free before a closing celebration at night. The next morning, all crews are required to depart.
In Sum:
Northern Tier provides a wilderness experience that is unmatched by either Philmont or Sea Base. Count on seeing no one else on the water during the entire trip. This is difficult for some Scouts, but rewarding for others.
Resources:
The Charles L. Sommers Alumni Association sponsors the Triple Crown of High Adventure Award for Scouts who complete all three bases. Contact Northern Tier directly at rel=nofollow http://ntier.org/ with any specific questions or ask your Troop or Council if there is someone from a recent trip who would be willing to answer more general questions.
William O'Brochta is a recipient of the William T. Hornaday Silver Medal for Distinguished Service to Conservation in the Boy Scouts of America and William T. Hornaday Badge. He is an Eagle Scout with nine Eagle palms and has earned sixty-five Merit Badges. William is currently an Assistant Scoutmaster for Troop 17 in Roanoke, Virginia working with Troop elections, new Scout advancement, and Eagle projects. He also serves as an active member on the Blue Ridge Mountains Council Conservation, Advancement, Eagle Board of Review, and Troop Committees. William is the William T. Hornaday Awards Specialist for the Blue Ridge Mountains Council Conservation Committee and the Life-to-Eagle Specialist for the Blue Ridge Mountains Council Advancement Committee. He is also a Life-to-Eagle Advisor, a Merit Badge Counselor for thirty Merit Badges, and a Leave No Trace Trainer. He has been involved in Scouting for more than thirteen years.
William attends Patrick Henry High School and the Roanoke Valley Governor's School and is ranked first in his class of 500. Currently, he is working on a three-year environmental research project dealing with using plants to remove pesticides from the soil. He has presented this research at the Society of Toxicology Annual meeting. A musician, he plays trumpet and serves as Drum Major for the Marching Band.
Committed to community service, he has volunteered for six months for Habitat for Humanity in Hungary and helped Breakell, Inc. General Contractors achieve LEED Platinum energy efficiency certification.
William can best be contacted through his LinkedIn page: http://linkd.in/q8dXm0
Article Source: [http://EzineArticles.com/?Unknown-High-Adventure---Northern-Tier-Scout-Base&id=6539280] Unknown High Adventure - Northern Tier Scout Base
Wednesday, October 26, 2011
The Effects of Garbage on Our Environment
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Jeffrey_A_Lin]Jeffrey A Lin
Garbage is very harmful to our environment. It poses dangerous risks to our land water, and air. Landfills overfilling with garbage destroy profitable land, and take many years to regain the nutrients and the land destroyed. Sewage water poured into oceans poison fish and other marine wildlife. Emissions that come out of cars limit the amount of air and oxygen we have to breathe. As you can see, garbage is harmful to our environment.
Garbage is very harmful to our environment because of the ways it is currently being disposed. Some of the ways we currently dispose of it are recycling, composting, hazardous material disposal, landfills, and incineration. Recycling is a cost-effective way to dispose of specific things such as metal scraps, paper, and plastic because it wastes less energy to make a new item out of an old item than to make a new item from scratch. For example, it takes almost eight hours of electricity to make enough aluminum for thirty-four aluminum cans, but only takes an hour of electricity to make the same amount of cans from recycled aluminum. In addition, new aluminum has to go through the process of extraction the needed materials, refining the materials, smelting, and casting the aluminum while a recycled can only has to be shredded, melted, and casted before it can start the process again. It takes less energy and materials to make a new can from an old can. Composting is another way to get rid of garbage such as untreated paper, fruit scraps, vegetable scraps, and biodegradable plastic. It is also a cost-effective way of disposing of specific items because you can dig a put it in your backyard and until it rots. It also gives your plants much-needed nutrients when it decays. Therefore, it is a harmless way of disposing of specific garbage.
Properly disposing of hazardous materials is important, so another effective way that we currently use to get rid of garbage is hazardous material disposal. There are certain facilities designed to dispose of dangerous materials that would otherwise contaminate land if put into a landfill. Some of these materials are used paint cans, used oil, and chemical-based items such as bleach. One of the hardest hazardous materials to dispose of is syringes, because those contain disease, and disease is very easy to transmit.
Even though we recycle, compost, and dispose of hazardous materials, we still practice dangerous and unsafe ways of taking care of trash, such as landfills and incineration. Landfills have both a positive and a negative impact on the environment. After trash is packed into a hole about twenty feet deep (six and a half yards), dirt, clay, or asphalt is packed an inch or two above it so the smell does not appear and so that random trash does not fly away. Then a tube is inserted to suck out all the methane the garbage produces since the element is flammable. The methane can be used as a form of electricity. However, landfills also have a negative effect on the environment. If it leaks, it will contaminate surrounding water and surrounding groundwater. The water will travel to the nearest ocean or lake and poison the wildlife there.
One last way that we currently dispose of trash is by incinerating it. Combusting, or incinerating, burns garbage and turns water into steam as the same time. The steam is then used to turn turbine engines, which produces electricity. Incinerating trash then turns the volume to twenty percent of the original volume. You might think this is a good thing, because then landfills can fill more, right? However, incinerating trash has a bad effect on the environment. It creates exhaust and emissions, which contributes to air pollution, and air pollution contributes to global warming. As you can see, recycling, composting, and disposing of hazardous materials only take care of a small percentage of garbage. The rest goes to either a combustion facility or a landfill, which both contribute to pollution. Leaky landfills contribute to water pollution and incinerating contributes to air pollution.
Garbage also harms the environment because it results in pollution if you dispose of it in a certain way. As stated above, landfills might leak chemicals into surrounding bodies of water and any water under it, such as groundwater. Then the lake or groundwater may evaporate and cause acid rain or poison larger bodies of water. Acid rain is caused by depositing wet and dry acidic components, such as water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. This happens when a large amount of carbon dioxide enters clouds. Then when it rains, the elements mixed together kill plants, pollute water, and erode stonework. Incineration also pollutes the environment as stated above. Incineration is guaranteed to lead to a lot of air pollution and acid rain, while landfills are not that bad because there is only a small chance that they will leak since they are usually sealed properly. As you can see, a few of the ways we dispose of garbage result in pollution.
In conclusion, garbage poses dangerous risks to the environment. Some of the ways we currently dispose of it is by recycling, composting, hazardous material disposal, incineration, and landfills. Recycling, composting, and disposing of hazardous materials in a safe manner are all ways that are both effective and cost-effective. However, incineration and filling landfills with trash cause pollution and have side effects such as producing acid rain more often and leaking chemicals and radiation into rivers and lakes. You can slow down the production of garbage by: looking for minimum packaging at the store, choosing aluminum, tin, or paper because it can be recycled, avoid plastic packaging and disposables, borrow or rent instead of buying, get off junk mailing lists, compost, and anything you feel you can do to help the environment!
Article Source: [http://EzineArticles.com/?The-Effects-of-Garbage-on-Our-Environment&id=6556212] The Effects of Garbage on Our Environment
Garbage is very harmful to our environment. It poses dangerous risks to our land water, and air. Landfills overfilling with garbage destroy profitable land, and take many years to regain the nutrients and the land destroyed. Sewage water poured into oceans poison fish and other marine wildlife. Emissions that come out of cars limit the amount of air and oxygen we have to breathe. As you can see, garbage is harmful to our environment.
Garbage is very harmful to our environment because of the ways it is currently being disposed. Some of the ways we currently dispose of it are recycling, composting, hazardous material disposal, landfills, and incineration. Recycling is a cost-effective way to dispose of specific things such as metal scraps, paper, and plastic because it wastes less energy to make a new item out of an old item than to make a new item from scratch. For example, it takes almost eight hours of electricity to make enough aluminum for thirty-four aluminum cans, but only takes an hour of electricity to make the same amount of cans from recycled aluminum. In addition, new aluminum has to go through the process of extraction the needed materials, refining the materials, smelting, and casting the aluminum while a recycled can only has to be shredded, melted, and casted before it can start the process again. It takes less energy and materials to make a new can from an old can. Composting is another way to get rid of garbage such as untreated paper, fruit scraps, vegetable scraps, and biodegradable plastic. It is also a cost-effective way of disposing of specific items because you can dig a put it in your backyard and until it rots. It also gives your plants much-needed nutrients when it decays. Therefore, it is a harmless way of disposing of specific garbage.
Properly disposing of hazardous materials is important, so another effective way that we currently use to get rid of garbage is hazardous material disposal. There are certain facilities designed to dispose of dangerous materials that would otherwise contaminate land if put into a landfill. Some of these materials are used paint cans, used oil, and chemical-based items such as bleach. One of the hardest hazardous materials to dispose of is syringes, because those contain disease, and disease is very easy to transmit.
Even though we recycle, compost, and dispose of hazardous materials, we still practice dangerous and unsafe ways of taking care of trash, such as landfills and incineration. Landfills have both a positive and a negative impact on the environment. After trash is packed into a hole about twenty feet deep (six and a half yards), dirt, clay, or asphalt is packed an inch or two above it so the smell does not appear and so that random trash does not fly away. Then a tube is inserted to suck out all the methane the garbage produces since the element is flammable. The methane can be used as a form of electricity. However, landfills also have a negative effect on the environment. If it leaks, it will contaminate surrounding water and surrounding groundwater. The water will travel to the nearest ocean or lake and poison the wildlife there.
One last way that we currently dispose of trash is by incinerating it. Combusting, or incinerating, burns garbage and turns water into steam as the same time. The steam is then used to turn turbine engines, which produces electricity. Incinerating trash then turns the volume to twenty percent of the original volume. You might think this is a good thing, because then landfills can fill more, right? However, incinerating trash has a bad effect on the environment. It creates exhaust and emissions, which contributes to air pollution, and air pollution contributes to global warming. As you can see, recycling, composting, and disposing of hazardous materials only take care of a small percentage of garbage. The rest goes to either a combustion facility or a landfill, which both contribute to pollution. Leaky landfills contribute to water pollution and incinerating contributes to air pollution.
Garbage also harms the environment because it results in pollution if you dispose of it in a certain way. As stated above, landfills might leak chemicals into surrounding bodies of water and any water under it, such as groundwater. Then the lake or groundwater may evaporate and cause acid rain or poison larger bodies of water. Acid rain is caused by depositing wet and dry acidic components, such as water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. This happens when a large amount of carbon dioxide enters clouds. Then when it rains, the elements mixed together kill plants, pollute water, and erode stonework. Incineration also pollutes the environment as stated above. Incineration is guaranteed to lead to a lot of air pollution and acid rain, while landfills are not that bad because there is only a small chance that they will leak since they are usually sealed properly. As you can see, a few of the ways we dispose of garbage result in pollution.
In conclusion, garbage poses dangerous risks to the environment. Some of the ways we currently dispose of it is by recycling, composting, hazardous material disposal, incineration, and landfills. Recycling, composting, and disposing of hazardous materials in a safe manner are all ways that are both effective and cost-effective. However, incineration and filling landfills with trash cause pollution and have side effects such as producing acid rain more often and leaking chemicals and radiation into rivers and lakes. You can slow down the production of garbage by: looking for minimum packaging at the store, choosing aluminum, tin, or paper because it can be recycled, avoid plastic packaging and disposables, borrow or rent instead of buying, get off junk mailing lists, compost, and anything you feel you can do to help the environment!
Article Source: [http://EzineArticles.com/?The-Effects-of-Garbage-on-Our-Environment&id=6556212] The Effects of Garbage on Our Environment
Monday, October 24, 2011
The World Seen Through a Microcosm
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Timothy_Aldred]Timothy Aldred
A Guide To Consciousness: Microcosm of an Alarming World View
Have you ever wondered about exactly what existed before time as we know it actually began? Don't miss out on the essence and glory of enlightenment that affects life. Have a seat for a brief moment and be amazed at life's greatest wonders!
Now, in the beginning the earth began to do two time-producing movements, it rotates and revolves. And then there appeared an ocean with lands, mountains and trees on its surface.
Because the earth makes a continuous revolution, this pattern has produced a grand sequence called 'time,' and that is called day and night. When people began to colonize the earth, their lives were molded to repose simultaneously according to the earth's motion.
The revolution of the earth has an infinite control, an absolute jurisdiction, because no one is able to live by any alternate medium. So people appreciate twelve hours of darkness for a good sleep, and the next twelve hours of daylight to toil. Everything here on earth receives the effects of time, and it is this cosmic practice that causes mankind to age.
It doesn't matter whether there are one dozen or seven billion people living on the earth, because everyone experiences the same factors that allow them to breathe and age.
Today, overpopulation is becoming an issue, and we have many ethnic groups speaking different languages, which limits universal communication. Over time, a selfish spirit has grown in many people, often interpreted as survival of the fittest. This kind of thinking has caused people to viciously wrest away valuables from their neighbors. Lands, titles, money and food. Nothing is off limit.
Each generation becomes more distant from the civilized knowledge of the past. Love thy neighbor as yourself has fallen by the wayside in favor of emphasis on romantic relationships and reaching for wealth. People tend to forget that human lives last only a short time, so it might serve everyone better to love each other, look out for one another and subscribe to good health, wealth and happiness for all.
Unquestionably, every societal group ought to preserve the important treasures of the ancient universal culture. Because whenever there is a rich, ever-flowing awareness of fundamental academic principles, the people are far less likely to fall into the bondage of mental darkness.
In conclusion, to avoid having a less than accurate view of humanity, people are advised to make full use of their rich history, preserved in most governments' departments of antiquities, and the major museums around the world. It is essential that the knowledge of our origins remains transitive and perpetual.
Author: Timothy Aldred
Book title: The Restless Universe, by Nigel Henbest and Heather Couper
Institute of: Dr. Samuel Noah Kramer, Pennsylvania University, early near eastern history
Book title: Bamboozled, Besieged By Lies Man Never a Sinner
Article Source: [http://EzineArticles.com/?The-World-Seen-Through-a-Microcosm&id=6509834] The World Seen Through a Microcosm
A Guide To Consciousness: Microcosm of an Alarming World View
Have you ever wondered about exactly what existed before time as we know it actually began? Don't miss out on the essence and glory of enlightenment that affects life. Have a seat for a brief moment and be amazed at life's greatest wonders!
Now, in the beginning the earth began to do two time-producing movements, it rotates and revolves. And then there appeared an ocean with lands, mountains and trees on its surface.
Because the earth makes a continuous revolution, this pattern has produced a grand sequence called 'time,' and that is called day and night. When people began to colonize the earth, their lives were molded to repose simultaneously according to the earth's motion.
The revolution of the earth has an infinite control, an absolute jurisdiction, because no one is able to live by any alternate medium. So people appreciate twelve hours of darkness for a good sleep, and the next twelve hours of daylight to toil. Everything here on earth receives the effects of time, and it is this cosmic practice that causes mankind to age.
It doesn't matter whether there are one dozen or seven billion people living on the earth, because everyone experiences the same factors that allow them to breathe and age.
Today, overpopulation is becoming an issue, and we have many ethnic groups speaking different languages, which limits universal communication. Over time, a selfish spirit has grown in many people, often interpreted as survival of the fittest. This kind of thinking has caused people to viciously wrest away valuables from their neighbors. Lands, titles, money and food. Nothing is off limit.
Each generation becomes more distant from the civilized knowledge of the past. Love thy neighbor as yourself has fallen by the wayside in favor of emphasis on romantic relationships and reaching for wealth. People tend to forget that human lives last only a short time, so it might serve everyone better to love each other, look out for one another and subscribe to good health, wealth and happiness for all.
Unquestionably, every societal group ought to preserve the important treasures of the ancient universal culture. Because whenever there is a rich, ever-flowing awareness of fundamental academic principles, the people are far less likely to fall into the bondage of mental darkness.
In conclusion, to avoid having a less than accurate view of humanity, people are advised to make full use of their rich history, preserved in most governments' departments of antiquities, and the major museums around the world. It is essential that the knowledge of our origins remains transitive and perpetual.
Author: Timothy Aldred
Book title: The Restless Universe, by Nigel Henbest and Heather Couper
Institute of: Dr. Samuel Noah Kramer, Pennsylvania University, early near eastern history
Book title: Bamboozled, Besieged By Lies Man Never a Sinner
Article Source: [http://EzineArticles.com/?The-World-Seen-Through-a-Microcosm&id=6509834] The World Seen Through a Microcosm
Saturday, October 22, 2011
Learn Facts About the Red Nocturnal Squirrelfish Species of Tropical Fish
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Carrilynn_Morriskita]Carrilynn Morriskita
A mostly red, tropical reef fish, the Hawaiian squirrelfish Menpachi stays in underwater caves in the daytime, swimming out after dark to hunt for food in the shallow waters over the reefs.They eat crabs, invertebrates, zooplankton and small fish. Because they are active primarily at night, their large eyes are important, as nocturnal creatures. The Menpachi fish is good to eat and is often hunted by spear fishermen. It is not a large fish, usually not more than 12 inches in length.
Although they are edible, some of the other species of squirrelfish are not generally used for eating, as they are small, in general, they have rough scales and their spines are sharp.
The squirrelfish named ala'ihi by Hawaiians has red with multiple white stripe or silver stripe colorings. The name of this fish is often seen without the apostrophe as alaihi. It is often the subject of paintings and posters as it is an attractive, colorful fish.
In addition to those found in the waters near Hawaii, various species of squirrelfish live in warm waters near the shores of the United States from North Carolina to Florida. They can also be found in warm shoreline waters of Bermuda, parts of the Gulf of Mexico, the West Indies and the Caribbean plus south to Brazil in South America.
In regards to keeping squirrelfish in an aquarium, it is possible but it is essential for them to be in a large tank (any with over 70 gallons of water is best), with sufficient places for them to hide (such as in spaces amid rocks and other types of crevices). Because they are a nocturnal fish that avoids light and eats at night, keep the lighting low and feed them on the schedule that they are used to (at night, in the dark or with very low light). They can be fed shrimp (live feeder shrimp or freeze-dried), crab, chopped marine meats and some types of worms. Squirrelfish kept in an aquarium do not usually grow as large as those living in their natural habitat, with aquarium squirrelfish usually growing to around 5 inches in length where some species in the wild have been known to be as much as around 24 inches long at full growth (such as the Holocentrus spinifer, a Pacific squirrelfish).
Nature has a built-in defense system for squirrelfish. This is their ability to make sounds by vibrating their swim bladders. These noises warn other squirrelfish of danger and may also be used to warn off fish that may be only a small threat to the squirrelfish. The sounds range from a grunt to clicking, where the grunt may be used more to warn small threats to stay away and the clicking as a signal that there is a larger threat that the squirrelfish should move away from.
Squirrelfishes are in the Holocentridae family and the subfamily Holocentrinae. The name may also be seen as two words: squirrel fish. Under the Genus Myripristis is the similar soldierfish.
There are many different species of squirrelfish, a sampling of which are: Crown, Dwarf, Lattice, Sabre, Spotfin, Threespot and Tinsel.
These keywords can be a starting point for you to do further research to find even more information on the subject of squirrelfish and about various species of squirrelfish.
The site fish.explore-topics.com/articles is a great resource for information about many different types of fish and anything related to the fish topic.
Visit these online resources: The site http://fish.explore-topics.com/articles/ to learn about many aspects of the topic of fish, such as how to care for aquarium fish, types of fish in natural habitats, fishing, videos and anything else related to the topic of fish. Also http://www.explore-topics.com/ and use the search box to find info of your choice, with hundreds of topics available there to explore.
Article Source: [http://EzineArticles.com/?Learn-Facts-About-the-Red-Nocturnal-Squirrelfish-Species-of-Tropical-Fish&id=6583443] Learn Facts About the Red Nocturnal Squirrelfish Species of Tropical Fish
A mostly red, tropical reef fish, the Hawaiian squirrelfish Menpachi stays in underwater caves in the daytime, swimming out after dark to hunt for food in the shallow waters over the reefs.They eat crabs, invertebrates, zooplankton and small fish. Because they are active primarily at night, their large eyes are important, as nocturnal creatures. The Menpachi fish is good to eat and is often hunted by spear fishermen. It is not a large fish, usually not more than 12 inches in length.
Although they are edible, some of the other species of squirrelfish are not generally used for eating, as they are small, in general, they have rough scales and their spines are sharp.
The squirrelfish named ala'ihi by Hawaiians has red with multiple white stripe or silver stripe colorings. The name of this fish is often seen without the apostrophe as alaihi. It is often the subject of paintings and posters as it is an attractive, colorful fish.
In addition to those found in the waters near Hawaii, various species of squirrelfish live in warm waters near the shores of the United States from North Carolina to Florida. They can also be found in warm shoreline waters of Bermuda, parts of the Gulf of Mexico, the West Indies and the Caribbean plus south to Brazil in South America.
In regards to keeping squirrelfish in an aquarium, it is possible but it is essential for them to be in a large tank (any with over 70 gallons of water is best), with sufficient places for them to hide (such as in spaces amid rocks and other types of crevices). Because they are a nocturnal fish that avoids light and eats at night, keep the lighting low and feed them on the schedule that they are used to (at night, in the dark or with very low light). They can be fed shrimp (live feeder shrimp or freeze-dried), crab, chopped marine meats and some types of worms. Squirrelfish kept in an aquarium do not usually grow as large as those living in their natural habitat, with aquarium squirrelfish usually growing to around 5 inches in length where some species in the wild have been known to be as much as around 24 inches long at full growth (such as the Holocentrus spinifer, a Pacific squirrelfish).
Nature has a built-in defense system for squirrelfish. This is their ability to make sounds by vibrating their swim bladders. These noises warn other squirrelfish of danger and may also be used to warn off fish that may be only a small threat to the squirrelfish. The sounds range from a grunt to clicking, where the grunt may be used more to warn small threats to stay away and the clicking as a signal that there is a larger threat that the squirrelfish should move away from.
Squirrelfishes are in the Holocentridae family and the subfamily Holocentrinae. The name may also be seen as two words: squirrel fish. Under the Genus Myripristis is the similar soldierfish.
There are many different species of squirrelfish, a sampling of which are: Crown, Dwarf, Lattice, Sabre, Spotfin, Threespot and Tinsel.
These keywords can be a starting point for you to do further research to find even more information on the subject of squirrelfish and about various species of squirrelfish.
The site fish.explore-topics.com/articles is a great resource for information about many different types of fish and anything related to the fish topic.
Visit these online resources: The site http://fish.explore-topics.com/articles/ to learn about many aspects of the topic of fish, such as how to care for aquarium fish, types of fish in natural habitats, fishing, videos and anything else related to the topic of fish. Also http://www.explore-topics.com/ and use the search box to find info of your choice, with hundreds of topics available there to explore.
Article Source: [http://EzineArticles.com/?Learn-Facts-About-the-Red-Nocturnal-Squirrelfish-Species-of-Tropical-Fish&id=6583443] Learn Facts About the Red Nocturnal Squirrelfish Species of Tropical Fish
Thursday, October 20, 2011
Opium Poppy Pods Explained
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Tony_Tracy]Tony Tracy
Dried poppy pods are most commonly referred to as Papaver Somniferum which is world renowned for its beautiful flowers and edible seeds. Dried opium poppy pods have frequently been used for medicinal, culinary and sometimes even recreational purposes throughout the ages. One of the main reasons that are associated with the popularity of these opium poppies is the fact that they are also the primary ingredient of many opiates with sedative properties.
If you have ever bought poppy pods you will notice that they are some of the most beautiful flowers you will ever find in a garden. Many types of these poppies are widely available in various colours which include blue, yellow, orange, pink, red, white, purple, and even blue. You can grow your own unique poppies in your outdoor or indoor garden.
Many of these particular species of poppy flowers are frequently utilized in both medicines and food. The most sought after species being that of the opium poppy pod. Dried opium poppy pods contain opium which is a source of many sedative by-products. But, contrary to the popular notion, not every dried poppy pod contains opium.
The opium poppy plant is a colourful flower, which begins its growth process as a pod from which petals sprout. Papaver Somniferum is actually the Latin word for opium poppy and the literal definition is "the sleep-bringing poppy, white form".
This species of Papaver Somniferum contains the majority of opiates, such as morphine and codeine. Take note that it is illegal in majority of countries in the world to deliberately extract the contents of specific types of poppies to get raw morphine.
Dried poppy pods are not always purchased for the sole purpose for committing an illegal act. Florists and hobbyists love using them for ornamental or craft making sessions. After the flower petals fall off the plant the remaining pod can be cut off. It is best that one hangs them up to let them dry. Once the poppy pods are dry, they can be used in flower arrangements or for other decorative purposes.
Since dried opium poppy seeds are edible, and legal to possess and consume, they are oftentimes used in cooking recipes such as breads and desserts throughout the world. You can easily find poppy seeds available at most of your local grocery retailers on the shelves alongside other cooking ingredients. Even though the store brand poppy seeds contain tiny levels of residual opiates one could possibly test positive for drugs if they were consumed within the last 24 hours.
It is of utmost important that one realizes that growing opium poppy pods is considered illegal in most countries even it if the purpose was just to obtain seeds for use in cooking. Since a single poppy pod plant can produce morphine, heroin or opium, getting caught growing these particular species of poppies can result in heavy fines or worse incarceration. Be warned that the risk of growing opium poppy pods is very high and nobody wants to go to prison. Attempting to grow poppy plants is one thing but be aware that even if you are found to be in possession of dried opium poppy pods you could face similar court fines or prison time as if you were to actually grow them yourself.
Many casual poppy plant growers tend to think that growing a small portion in their private garden for flowers or seeds means they are not doing anything illegal. However, it is absolutely incorrect to assume that rules and regulations, as well as the consequences, don't pertain to you since they are the same regardless of the number of plants that you may grow. Therefore, it is highly recommended, that is need dried poppy pods, to either buy poppy seeds from a reputable supplier or purchase dried opium pods from verified sellers.If you are searching for more of the colourful variety of dried Papaver Somniferum pods for decorative purpose, it is much better to buy them from a flower store or online stores authorized to do so. There is always a legal risk of growing poppies. In conclusion, opium poppies for legal commercial pharmaceutical use and culinary purposes are grown by suppliers who acquire special government licenses around the world.
Visit [http://www.buydriedpoppypods.com/]Dried Poppy Pods for more information.
Article Source: [http://EzineArticles.com/?Opium-Poppy-Pods-Explained&id=6595463] Opium Poppy Pods Explained
Dried poppy pods are most commonly referred to as Papaver Somniferum which is world renowned for its beautiful flowers and edible seeds. Dried opium poppy pods have frequently been used for medicinal, culinary and sometimes even recreational purposes throughout the ages. One of the main reasons that are associated with the popularity of these opium poppies is the fact that they are also the primary ingredient of many opiates with sedative properties.
If you have ever bought poppy pods you will notice that they are some of the most beautiful flowers you will ever find in a garden. Many types of these poppies are widely available in various colours which include blue, yellow, orange, pink, red, white, purple, and even blue. You can grow your own unique poppies in your outdoor or indoor garden.
Many of these particular species of poppy flowers are frequently utilized in both medicines and food. The most sought after species being that of the opium poppy pod. Dried opium poppy pods contain opium which is a source of many sedative by-products. But, contrary to the popular notion, not every dried poppy pod contains opium.
The opium poppy plant is a colourful flower, which begins its growth process as a pod from which petals sprout. Papaver Somniferum is actually the Latin word for opium poppy and the literal definition is "the sleep-bringing poppy, white form".
This species of Papaver Somniferum contains the majority of opiates, such as morphine and codeine. Take note that it is illegal in majority of countries in the world to deliberately extract the contents of specific types of poppies to get raw morphine.
Dried poppy pods are not always purchased for the sole purpose for committing an illegal act. Florists and hobbyists love using them for ornamental or craft making sessions. After the flower petals fall off the plant the remaining pod can be cut off. It is best that one hangs them up to let them dry. Once the poppy pods are dry, they can be used in flower arrangements or for other decorative purposes.
Since dried opium poppy seeds are edible, and legal to possess and consume, they are oftentimes used in cooking recipes such as breads and desserts throughout the world. You can easily find poppy seeds available at most of your local grocery retailers on the shelves alongside other cooking ingredients. Even though the store brand poppy seeds contain tiny levels of residual opiates one could possibly test positive for drugs if they were consumed within the last 24 hours.
It is of utmost important that one realizes that growing opium poppy pods is considered illegal in most countries even it if the purpose was just to obtain seeds for use in cooking. Since a single poppy pod plant can produce morphine, heroin or opium, getting caught growing these particular species of poppies can result in heavy fines or worse incarceration. Be warned that the risk of growing opium poppy pods is very high and nobody wants to go to prison. Attempting to grow poppy plants is one thing but be aware that even if you are found to be in possession of dried opium poppy pods you could face similar court fines or prison time as if you were to actually grow them yourself.
Many casual poppy plant growers tend to think that growing a small portion in their private garden for flowers or seeds means they are not doing anything illegal. However, it is absolutely incorrect to assume that rules and regulations, as well as the consequences, don't pertain to you since they are the same regardless of the number of plants that you may grow. Therefore, it is highly recommended, that is need dried poppy pods, to either buy poppy seeds from a reputable supplier or purchase dried opium pods from verified sellers.If you are searching for more of the colourful variety of dried Papaver Somniferum pods for decorative purpose, it is much better to buy them from a flower store or online stores authorized to do so. There is always a legal risk of growing poppies. In conclusion, opium poppies for legal commercial pharmaceutical use and culinary purposes are grown by suppliers who acquire special government licenses around the world.
Visit [http://www.buydriedpoppypods.com/]Dried Poppy Pods for more information.
Article Source: [http://EzineArticles.com/?Opium-Poppy-Pods-Explained&id=6595463] Opium Poppy Pods Explained
Tuesday, October 18, 2011
Learn About a Fish That Has a Reptilian Appearance
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Carrilynn_Morriskita]Carrilynn Morriskita
This fish looks more like a reptile than a fish, which explains the name. In addition to the appearance, this fish generally stays still on the floor of the ocean, similar to the characteristics of a reptile.
Do not let it fool you though; the Lizardfish is alert and watching what is happening around it, while it is resting, not moving.
They are not easy to spot because the colors of this fish make it blend in well with the surrounding coral, sand and vegetation of the sea floor. For this reason, it can be in the open, in plain sight and yet concealed at the same time. At other times, the Lizardfish will bury itself in the ocean sand, with just the eyes and maybe the very end of the snout sticking out from the sand that is covering it. This makes it possible to hide out and wait for prey to come by close enough to grab for a meal.
The mouth of this fish is large. When the mouth is open, you can see that the numerous teeth have the appearance of thin, sharp needles.
Some Lizardfish are found in Hawaiian waters, especially within reefs, where they like to live among corals. Divers have not reported this type of fish as posing any danger to humans.
If caught by a fisherman, they may quite often be thrown back into the water as they are not commonly considered good for eating.
Generally, Hawaiian Lizardfish do not grow to more than 12 inches long. In other parts of the world, the largest lizardfish has been known to grow to around 24 inches in length.
The scientific name for this family of fish is: Synodontidae, with genus species Saurida and Synodus.
Within the genus species Synodus, found in the Indo-Pacific oceans are the Arrowtooth, Engleman's, Two-spot (also called Sand) Lizardfish, and others.
In the Pacific Ocean, the Capricorn Lizardfish may be found.
The Inshore Lizardfish inhabits waters on the East Coast of the United States from North Carolina and South to as far as Brazil. In these waters, the Lizardfish may be found resting on a mud ocean floor, instead of the sand ocean floor which would be found in some tropical waters.
Within the genus species Saurida are the Brazilian Lizardfish, living mainly in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Shortjaw Saury living in the Pacific Ocean and the Clouded Lizardfish in the South Pacific, just to name a few.
There are around 60 species of Lizardfish. The few named in this article can be a start for you to know a direction for further research of the specific types, if desired. The site fish.explore-topics.com/articles is a great resource for information about many different types of fish and anything related to the fish topic.
Visit these online resources: The site http://fish.explore-topics.com/articles/ to learn about many aspects of the topic of fish, such as how to care for aquarium fish, types of fish in natural habitats, fishing, videos and anything else related to the topic of fish. Also http://www.explore-topics.com/ and use the search box to find info of your choice, with hundreds of topics available there to explore.
Article Source: [http://EzineArticles.com/?Learn-About-a-Fish-That-Has-a-Reptilian-Appearance&id=6582307] Learn About a Fish That Has a Reptilian Appearance
This fish looks more like a reptile than a fish, which explains the name. In addition to the appearance, this fish generally stays still on the floor of the ocean, similar to the characteristics of a reptile.
Do not let it fool you though; the Lizardfish is alert and watching what is happening around it, while it is resting, not moving.
They are not easy to spot because the colors of this fish make it blend in well with the surrounding coral, sand and vegetation of the sea floor. For this reason, it can be in the open, in plain sight and yet concealed at the same time. At other times, the Lizardfish will bury itself in the ocean sand, with just the eyes and maybe the very end of the snout sticking out from the sand that is covering it. This makes it possible to hide out and wait for prey to come by close enough to grab for a meal.
The mouth of this fish is large. When the mouth is open, you can see that the numerous teeth have the appearance of thin, sharp needles.
Some Lizardfish are found in Hawaiian waters, especially within reefs, where they like to live among corals. Divers have not reported this type of fish as posing any danger to humans.
If caught by a fisherman, they may quite often be thrown back into the water as they are not commonly considered good for eating.
Generally, Hawaiian Lizardfish do not grow to more than 12 inches long. In other parts of the world, the largest lizardfish has been known to grow to around 24 inches in length.
The scientific name for this family of fish is: Synodontidae, with genus species Saurida and Synodus.
Within the genus species Synodus, found in the Indo-Pacific oceans are the Arrowtooth, Engleman's, Two-spot (also called Sand) Lizardfish, and others.
In the Pacific Ocean, the Capricorn Lizardfish may be found.
The Inshore Lizardfish inhabits waters on the East Coast of the United States from North Carolina and South to as far as Brazil. In these waters, the Lizardfish may be found resting on a mud ocean floor, instead of the sand ocean floor which would be found in some tropical waters.
Within the genus species Saurida are the Brazilian Lizardfish, living mainly in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Shortjaw Saury living in the Pacific Ocean and the Clouded Lizardfish in the South Pacific, just to name a few.
There are around 60 species of Lizardfish. The few named in this article can be a start for you to know a direction for further research of the specific types, if desired. The site fish.explore-topics.com/articles is a great resource for information about many different types of fish and anything related to the fish topic.
Visit these online resources: The site http://fish.explore-topics.com/articles/ to learn about many aspects of the topic of fish, such as how to care for aquarium fish, types of fish in natural habitats, fishing, videos and anything else related to the topic of fish. Also http://www.explore-topics.com/ and use the search box to find info of your choice, with hundreds of topics available there to explore.
Article Source: [http://EzineArticles.com/?Learn-About-a-Fish-That-Has-a-Reptilian-Appearance&id=6582307] Learn About a Fish That Has a Reptilian Appearance
Sunday, October 16, 2011
The Grey Elm Tree Vs. Dutch Elm Disease: A Brief History
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=James_Bryant_Yoder]James Bryant Yoder
Found primarily in the Eastern United States and Canada, the Grey Elm tree (also known as the American Elm) is noted for its medium density, good workability and interlocking grain. According to "Elm Care" website, "The 7,700,000 elm trees in urban centers in North America have a combined value of over US$19 billion." Yet the rapid spread of Dutch elm disease (DED) has brought the majestic elm to the brink of destruction in the 20th century. A brief history of the Grey Elm and its fight against DED will renew our appreciation for this beautiful tree.
The history of the elm stretches back to ancient Europe, where its leaves and branches were used as cattle feed. In times of great scarcity, parts of the elm were even used for human consumption. The ancient Romans used elm trees to sustain grapevines (the high canopied crown and graceful bough served as a make-shift grape arbor) and Native Americans utilized this durable and water-resistant wood to fashion canoes, rope, utensils and roofing. Because of its interlocking grain, resistance to splitting and water decay, elm wood is currently used in chair seats, coffins, wheels, and most popularly, in furniture and cabinet craftsmanship.
But in the 20th century, the elm has faced a sinister threat. In 1930, European logs infected with DED were imported to the United States, beginning a period of devastation for the elm tree. From 1945 to 1976, the North American Elm population dropped from 77 million to 34 million. Spread primarily by the Elm Bark Beetle, DED slowly moved from elm to elm, afflicting the vascular system (the water-moving mechanism) of innumerable Grey Elms and leading to decay and death.
While DED was gaining momentum, the Grey Elm was charming North America because, as the Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry website describes, the Grey Elm is "...graceful, long-lived, fast growing, and tolerant of compacted soils and air pollution." Soon, suburbs across America and Canada boasted residential streets lined with the majestic elm. The elm became such a common sight that it was immortalized in the horror film "Nightmare on Elm Street", which touched a public nerve due in part to the sheer number of "Elm Streets" across America!
Today, aggressive rehabilitation measures such as fungal injections, educational awareness, root graft disruption and effective amputation of the infected parts of elm trees (these measures are describes in greater detail on the Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry website) have brought the Grey Elm from the brink of extinction in the 20th century. A renewed supply of Grey Elm wood for furniture, cabinetry, flooring and other wood needs, and a greater appreciation for this excellent tree have ensured the legacy of the Grey Elm will endure.
References:
1. rel=nofollow http://www.elmcare.com/quick_facts.htm
2. rel=nofollow http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/howtos/ht_ded/ht_ded.htm
James Bryant Yoder is a Midwestern guy with an interest in [http://www.weaverfurnituresales.com/index.aspx]Amish furniture and the simple life. Luckily, he's not far from Amish country. His articles provide helpful insights into the world of solid wood furniture and tips for furniture-enthusiasts and curious shoppers. James also has a long-time passion for [http://www.weaverfurnituresales.com/index.aspx]Shipshewana furniture, and writes extensively on its rich history and legacy.
Article Source: [http://EzineArticles.com/?The-Grey-Elm-Tree-Vs.-Dutch-Elm-Disease:-A-Brief-History&id=6581458] The Grey Elm Tree Vs. Dutch Elm Disease: A Brief History
Found primarily in the Eastern United States and Canada, the Grey Elm tree (also known as the American Elm) is noted for its medium density, good workability and interlocking grain. According to "Elm Care" website, "The 7,700,000 elm trees in urban centers in North America have a combined value of over US$19 billion." Yet the rapid spread of Dutch elm disease (DED) has brought the majestic elm to the brink of destruction in the 20th century. A brief history of the Grey Elm and its fight against DED will renew our appreciation for this beautiful tree.
The history of the elm stretches back to ancient Europe, where its leaves and branches were used as cattle feed. In times of great scarcity, parts of the elm were even used for human consumption. The ancient Romans used elm trees to sustain grapevines (the high canopied crown and graceful bough served as a make-shift grape arbor) and Native Americans utilized this durable and water-resistant wood to fashion canoes, rope, utensils and roofing. Because of its interlocking grain, resistance to splitting and water decay, elm wood is currently used in chair seats, coffins, wheels, and most popularly, in furniture and cabinet craftsmanship.
But in the 20th century, the elm has faced a sinister threat. In 1930, European logs infected with DED were imported to the United States, beginning a period of devastation for the elm tree. From 1945 to 1976, the North American Elm population dropped from 77 million to 34 million. Spread primarily by the Elm Bark Beetle, DED slowly moved from elm to elm, afflicting the vascular system (the water-moving mechanism) of innumerable Grey Elms and leading to decay and death.
While DED was gaining momentum, the Grey Elm was charming North America because, as the Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry website describes, the Grey Elm is "...graceful, long-lived, fast growing, and tolerant of compacted soils and air pollution." Soon, suburbs across America and Canada boasted residential streets lined with the majestic elm. The elm became such a common sight that it was immortalized in the horror film "Nightmare on Elm Street", which touched a public nerve due in part to the sheer number of "Elm Streets" across America!
Today, aggressive rehabilitation measures such as fungal injections, educational awareness, root graft disruption and effective amputation of the infected parts of elm trees (these measures are describes in greater detail on the Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry website) have brought the Grey Elm from the brink of extinction in the 20th century. A renewed supply of Grey Elm wood for furniture, cabinetry, flooring and other wood needs, and a greater appreciation for this excellent tree have ensured the legacy of the Grey Elm will endure.
References:
1. rel=nofollow http://www.elmcare.com/quick_facts.htm
2. rel=nofollow http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/howtos/ht_ded/ht_ded.htm
James Bryant Yoder is a Midwestern guy with an interest in [http://www.weaverfurnituresales.com/index.aspx]Amish furniture and the simple life. Luckily, he's not far from Amish country. His articles provide helpful insights into the world of solid wood furniture and tips for furniture-enthusiasts and curious shoppers. James also has a long-time passion for [http://www.weaverfurnituresales.com/index.aspx]Shipshewana furniture, and writes extensively on its rich history and legacy.
Article Source: [http://EzineArticles.com/?The-Grey-Elm-Tree-Vs.-Dutch-Elm-Disease:-A-Brief-History&id=6581458] The Grey Elm Tree Vs. Dutch Elm Disease: A Brief History
Friday, October 14, 2011
Love of Life - Plants
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Elizabeth_S._Adams]Elizabeth S. Adams
Wild things from the pure Heart of God
Purest where no feet of man have trod
I love all plants wild or tame
I love them all - all the same
As in them I perceive the thought
Ideas of Divine Intelligence wrought
In infinite forms the whole globe o'er
To fascinate, feed, serve and for us to adore.
Elizabeth S Adams
.........
Plants I adore - the whole - from minute phytoplankton to the giant redwoods and forests... the verdant leaves - the rainbow coloured flowers - the magic range of life preserving seeds - the wondrous fruits for us to eat - the wild, wild grasses carpeting the plains.....
And those that burst in season - the aged oaks and century spanning trees - and plants that we can only appreciate on our knees -plants that come by day to flower or scatter with first breeze - those that perfume the air and fill our space - those that are considered useful by God's grace - those plants that grow in water above, through and below - all plants make my heart and mind in gratitude aglow.
I look with hope to see a bud insisting upon expansion to allow its exudation of its perfume, the expression of its soul; I breathe inspiration as I surrender to its fragrance; I am in awe of the Creative genius that allows all the wealth and variety that we share with nature to bloom in perfect pattern and designs that permeate the living cells of root and stem, leaf, flowers, fruits to culminate in the miracle of the microscopic and miraculous seed computer where even in the smallest resides the secret of life generation, control and command of growth of forest giants.
And beyond compare are the flowers - the floral world where colour, perfume, form unite creating beauty that no human effort can replicate and forever remain as the symbolic reminders of nature's magical, enduring art with its range of qualities that serve for our inspiration.
We can however, assist the natural agencies that produce all the wondrous species that exist: through our protection of the wilderness, our cultivation of the useful, our understanding of the plant qualities and what they offer us in food and medicine as well as urging our increased and conscious appreciation of their role in the survival of the human race.
But beyond this is the general awareness, now growing stronger, of the sensitivity of plants and their subtle capabilities as sentient life companions as we care for them and share our planet with them in our homes and gardens, our offices, farms, fields and forests.
To identify the plants we love, grow, eat and utilize allows our regard for plants to have a basis from which we can expand into almost limitless capacity to become more familiar with the plant kingdom. Whether we approach our studies as a professional or an amateur botanist or remain simply a lover of plants, our interest has the potential to be life-long and will reward us with aesthetic and practical benefits and much joy.
Elizabeth S. Adams is known for her published "Forgotten Dreams - a collection of Poetry" with additional interests that extend to Astrology, Astronomy and mystical subjects that help us understand who we are and our place in the Universe.
Astrology when applied to self understanding of our personality and deeper soul potentials is a great practical starting point. We also need assistance to unveil the special inner talents of our soul so we feel confident to offer our unique contribution to the world.
Visit her site http://www.allplantsareinteresting.com/
Article Source: [http://EzineArticles.com/?Love-of-Life---Plants&id=6617784] Love of Life - Plants
Wild things from the pure Heart of God
Purest where no feet of man have trod
I love all plants wild or tame
I love them all - all the same
As in them I perceive the thought
Ideas of Divine Intelligence wrought
In infinite forms the whole globe o'er
To fascinate, feed, serve and for us to adore.
Elizabeth S Adams
.........
Plants I adore - the whole - from minute phytoplankton to the giant redwoods and forests... the verdant leaves - the rainbow coloured flowers - the magic range of life preserving seeds - the wondrous fruits for us to eat - the wild, wild grasses carpeting the plains.....
And those that burst in season - the aged oaks and century spanning trees - and plants that we can only appreciate on our knees -plants that come by day to flower or scatter with first breeze - those that perfume the air and fill our space - those that are considered useful by God's grace - those plants that grow in water above, through and below - all plants make my heart and mind in gratitude aglow.
I look with hope to see a bud insisting upon expansion to allow its exudation of its perfume, the expression of its soul; I breathe inspiration as I surrender to its fragrance; I am in awe of the Creative genius that allows all the wealth and variety that we share with nature to bloom in perfect pattern and designs that permeate the living cells of root and stem, leaf, flowers, fruits to culminate in the miracle of the microscopic and miraculous seed computer where even in the smallest resides the secret of life generation, control and command of growth of forest giants.
And beyond compare are the flowers - the floral world where colour, perfume, form unite creating beauty that no human effort can replicate and forever remain as the symbolic reminders of nature's magical, enduring art with its range of qualities that serve for our inspiration.
We can however, assist the natural agencies that produce all the wondrous species that exist: through our protection of the wilderness, our cultivation of the useful, our understanding of the plant qualities and what they offer us in food and medicine as well as urging our increased and conscious appreciation of their role in the survival of the human race.
But beyond this is the general awareness, now growing stronger, of the sensitivity of plants and their subtle capabilities as sentient life companions as we care for them and share our planet with them in our homes and gardens, our offices, farms, fields and forests.
To identify the plants we love, grow, eat and utilize allows our regard for plants to have a basis from which we can expand into almost limitless capacity to become more familiar with the plant kingdom. Whether we approach our studies as a professional or an amateur botanist or remain simply a lover of plants, our interest has the potential to be life-long and will reward us with aesthetic and practical benefits and much joy.
Elizabeth S. Adams is known for her published "Forgotten Dreams - a collection of Poetry" with additional interests that extend to Astrology, Astronomy and mystical subjects that help us understand who we are and our place in the Universe.
Astrology when applied to self understanding of our personality and deeper soul potentials is a great practical starting point. We also need assistance to unveil the special inner talents of our soul so we feel confident to offer our unique contribution to the world.
Visit her site http://www.allplantsareinteresting.com/
Article Source: [http://EzineArticles.com/?Love-of-Life---Plants&id=6617784] Love of Life - Plants
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